Direct Cortical Stimulation (DCS) is a neurosurgical technique for identifying functional areas of the brain’s cortex during surgery. Applying electrical currents directly to the brain’s surface elicits responses that assist in mapping critical brain functions such as speech, motor, and sensory areas. This real-time feedback allows surgeons to precisely delineate between functional brain tissue and pathological areas, ensuring vital brain functions are preserved while removing or treating targeted brain lesions. DCS is crucial for minimising neurological deficits and enhancing outcomes in surgeries involving the brain’s eloquent cortex.